Introduction: Although toxocariasis has been listed among the five most neglected parasitic infections worldwide, with higher impact in socioeconomically vulnerable populations, no study has evaluated vulnerable individuals from highly populated urban areas. Methods: Accordingly, human serum samples were collected in Curitiba, the eighth most populated metropolitan area of Brazil, and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies.